Holden, J. M., & MacHovec, F. (1993). Risk management in hypnotic recall of near-death experiences. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 36(1) 38-46.

Abstract: A substantial number of people facing physical and/or psychological crisis report having a near-death experience (NDE) involving a subjectively real experience of an alternate reality. Where NDE content is associated with positive emotions, benefit might be gained by hypnotic recall of the NDE, yet such recall might involve possible risk in the form of reactivation of the original crisis. In this article we describe a study involving hypnotic recall of positive NDEs by one male and five female subjects. We describe in detail some procedures to minimize risk, including a hypnosis protocol.

Copyright: The abstract is reprinted with permission of the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis.

Link: http://asch.net/ajch.htm

Topics:
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs—Psychological Profile
Characteristics of NDErs NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Counseling NDErs
Health Care Professionals and NDEs—Psychological
Hypnosis and NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research
Related Experiences NOS

Schenk, P. W. (1999). The benefits of working with a 'dead' patient: Hypnotically facilitated pseudo near-death experiences. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 42(1) 36-49.

Abstract: The literature on near-death experiences is consistent in describing how such events are typically transformative. Utilizing standard hypnotic techniques, therapists can approximate many of the therapeutic aspects of such experiences, without the life-or-death crisis, to facilitate both first and second order change in psychotherapy. This article explores the use of hypnotically facilitated waking dreams as an interactive projective technique. The focus is on the varied ways that the dream components that correlate with near-death experiences can evoke durable change.

Copyright: The abstract is reprinted with permission of the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis.

Link: http://asch.net/ajch.htm

Topics:
Dreams and NDEs
Hypnosis and NDEs
Related Experiences—NDE-Like

Lawrence, M. (1995). The unconscious experience. American Journal of Critical Care, 4(3) 227-232.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Although considerable research has been done on pathophysiology, metabolic and physical causes, and prognostic indicators, little is known about unconsciousness or coma from the perspective of the patient.
OBJECTIVE To describe the experiences of patients who were once documented as being unconscious.
METHODS Phenomenologic interviews were conducted with 100 patients whose records indicated that they had been unconscious during hospitalization. Interviews were also attempted with primary family members, significant others, or other external observers. Chart audits documenting the unconscious episode, medications, and diagnoses were also carried out. Data were compared, using van Kaam's method, and contrasted.
RESULTS Patients experienced one or more of five states: unconsciousness, inner consciousness, perceived unconsciousness, distorted consciousness, and paranormal experiences. They described hearing, understanding, and responding emotionally to what was being said when it was assumed they were not aware. In addition, 23 subjects reported near-death experiences or visits, out-of-body experiences, or some other paranormal experience.
CONCLUSION Patients' unconscious experiences can cause long-term effects. Patients often need reassurance that other patients subjected to similar conditions also have these experiences.

Copyright: © 1995. Reprinted with permission of the American Journal of Critical Care.

Link: http://www.aacnjournals.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Involuntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Vision
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Circumstances of NDEs—Consciousness and Unconsciousness
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Methodology in NDE Research
Nearing Death and NDEs—Deathbed Visions
Related Experiences NOS

Barnard, P. G. (2005). Panic and other anxiety disorders associated with near-death experiences. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 23(3) 25-37.

Abstract: Psychologists are at times requested to conduct psychological post-mortems. This article cites one such case. In this instance, a patient had died by drowning, with aspiration of nasal gastric tube-feeding fluid. The research literature that led to the conclusions in this case are [sic] reviewed.

Copyright: © 2005. Reprinted with permission of the American College of Forensic Psychology.

Link: http://www.forensicpsychology.org/journalpg.html

Topics:
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, distressing

Hunter, R. C. A. (1967). On the experience of nearly dying. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124(1) 84-88.

Abstract: No abstract.

Copyright:

Link: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/

Topics:
Characteristics of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Education Level
Characteristics of NDErs—Marital Status
Characteristics of NDErs—Occupation
Characteristics of NDErs—Psychological Profile
Characteristics of NDErs—Socioeconomic Status
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Vision
Circumstances of NDEs—Induced Chemically
Counseling NDErs
Health Care Professionals and NDEs—Medical
Health Care Professionals and NDEs—Psychological
Psychopathology and NDEs—Hallucinations
Psychopathology and NDEs NOS

Comer, N. L., Madow, L., & Dixon, J. J. (1967). Observations of sensory deprivation in a life-threatening situation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124(2) 164-169.

Abstract: The illusions and hallucinations experienced by two miners trapped together for six days in a situation of marked reduction of sensory input are described. Their mental productions were chiefly related to wishes to be rescued, either by simple means such as doorways and stairs or by more powerful forces such as the Pope. Neither man exhibited evidence of psychosis or marked mental abnormality when examined two and three days after rescue.

Copyright: © 1967. Reprinted with permission of American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

Link: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/

Topics:
Related Experiences—NDE-Like

Horton, P. C. (1973). The mystical experience as a suicide preventive. American Journal of Psychiatry, 130(3) 294-296.

Abstract: Three suicidal adolescents suffering from schizophrenic reactions developed the ability to conjure up a mystical consciousness. Directly experiencing this 'oceanic' state (or just its memory) provided the patients with a reliably soothing safeguard against their overwhelming loneliness and possible suicide. Recognition by the psychiatrist of the mystical state as a transitional phenomenon points the way to the most effective therapeutic stance.

Copyright: © 1973. Reprinted with permission of American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

Link: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/

Topics:
Related Experiences—NDE-Like

Greyson, B., & Stevenson, I. (1980). The phenomenology of near-death experiences. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137(1) 1193-1196.

Abstract: The authors studied retrospectively 78 reports of “near-death experiences” using subjects’ narratives and questionnaires, interviews, and medical records. Prior experiences suggestive of transcendence of death were more common among these subjects than among control populations, but prior experiences suggestive of extrasensory phenomena were less common. Subsequent changes in attitudes were more common than among subjects in other studies who had had psychic experiences. The influence of cultural and psychological factors, sensory deprivation, and reflex adaptive responses to stress explain some but not all of the features of near-death experiences. Their potential value to our conceptualization of dying and to suicide prevention and the care of the terminally ill justifies further investigation.

Copyright: © 1980. Reprinted with permission of American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

Link: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs—Religion
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Education Level
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs—Marital Status
Characteristics of NDErs—Occupation
Characteristics of NDErs—Religious Affiliations
Characteristics of NDErs NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, ESP
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Perception of Time
Characteristics of NDEs—Return NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Smell
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound, Hearing
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Vision
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Circumstances of NDEs—Induced Chemically
Circumstances of NDEs NOS
Cultural, Social Influences on NDEs
Definition of NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Parapsychological
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Methodology in NDE Research

Twemlow, S. W., Gabbard, G. O., & Jones, F. C. (1982). The out-of-body experience: A phenomenological typology based on questionnaire responses. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139(4) 150-455.

Abstract: The authors review the few surveys that have been made of the incidence of out-of-body experiences. They then present data on 339 respondents to questionnaires who reported having had out-of-body experiences and 81 who had not. They analyze these data according to the conditions existing at the time of the experience, phenomenological features, and the long- and short-term impact of the experience. Finally, they raise questions about the etiology of out-of-body phenomena and their meaning to individuals who have such experiences.

Copyright: © 1982. Reprinted with permission of American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

Link: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/

Topics:
Related Experiences NOS

Greyson, B. (1983). Near-death experiences and personal values. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140(5) 618-620.

Abstract: Near-death experiences reportedly foster value transformations and decrease suicidal ideation. Eighty-nine survivors of near-death experiences judged values related to material and social success as less important than did 175 control subjects. Decathexis of personal failures may account for the reported suicide-inhibiting effect.

Copyright: © 1983). Reprinted with permission of American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

Link: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Religion
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Education Level
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs—Occupation
Methodology in NDE Research

Greyson, B. (1985). A typology of near-death experiences. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142(8) 967-969.

Abstract: Cluster analysis of 89 near-death experiences yielded three discrete types of such experiences: transcendental, affective, and cognitive. Demographic variables did not differentiate individuals having these different types of experiences, but cognitive near-death experiences were less frequent following anticipated near-death events.

Copyright: © 1985. Reprinted with permission of American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

Link: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/

Topics:
Definition of NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research

Siegel, R. K. (1980). The psychology of life after death. American Psychologist, 35(1) 911-931.

Abstract: Traditionally, people’s concern with an afterlife has been of interest only to philosophy and religion. The recent explosion of popular articles and books about life after death has now reached the medical and psychiatric journals, in which “scientific” reports cite evidence from survivors of clinical death and from deathbed visions of terminal patients, among other sources of data. This article critically reviews the evidence in light of ethological, anthropological and psychological findings. The similarity of afterlife visions to drug-induced hallucinations invites a rational framework for their experimental analysis. From observations of animals burying their dead, through awareness of the seasonal rebirth of nature, to recognition of inherited characteristics, early homosapiens developed the concept of life after death in an effort to explain these behaviors and their underlying feelings. Cross-cultural studies confirm that the experiences of dying and visiting “the other side” involve universal elements and themes that are predictable and definable. These phenomena arise from common structures in the brain and nervous system, common biological experiences, and common reactions of the central nervous system to stimulation. The resultant experience can be interpreted as evidence that people survive death, but it may be more easily understood as a dissociative hallucinatory activity of the brain.

Copyright: © 1980 by the American Psychological Association. Reproduced with permission.

Link: http://www.apa.org/psycarticles

Topics:
Afterlife, Belief in
Afterlife, NDErs’ Descriptions of
Cross-Cultural NDEs
Definition of NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Explanations of NDEs NOS
Language and NDEs
Psychopathology and NDEs—Hallucinations
Reincarnation and NDEs
Science and NDEs

Ousley, J. D. (1978). Possible evidence for life after death. Anglican Theological Review, 60(3) 259-277.

Abstract: Raymond Moody's best-selling book, Life After Life, presents a number of reports of 'near-death experiences' which have been said to prove that there is a “life' after this life. The experiences are described (I), and their unusual characteristics are discussed (II). For example, they represent a basically new phenomenon, resulting from modern medicine's ability to 'bring back' people who are clinically dead. But, looked at scientifically, philosophically and theologically, do the reports of near-death experiences constitute evidence for life after death, and does this evidence provide conclusive proof of continued personal existence after death? It is argued that the logical peculiarities of the evidence count against it (III), but there could be compelling grounds for accepting the reports as good scientific evidence (IV). Still, scientists might on balance decide to wait for further data before saying the reports actually constituted proof of 'life after life' (V). The evidence is then considered from a philosophical perspective (VI): concepts such as 'spiritual body' are analyzed, the possibility of new kinds of evidence is discussed, and it is argued that Moody's evidence can neither be dismissed out of hand nor said to warrant extravagant claims about another realm of being. Finally, the near-death experiences are related specifically to Christian belief (VII). For example, while the experiences might appear to support Christian doctrines of eternal life, one could still accept these doctrines and dismiss the evidence, or reject the doctrines and find the evidence credible; thus there is no necessary connection between the reports and Christian doctrine. It is then concluded (VIII) that while the reports are of great interest, the most sensible scientific approach would be a ”wait-and-see' attitude—an approach which might well be shared by philosophers, and even theologians, who will question whether the reports could ever constitute a proof of the Christian belief that there is a life after this life which shares the love of God in Christ Jesus.

Copyright: © 1978. Reprinted with permission of the Anglican Theological Review.

Link: http://www.AnglicanTheologicalReview.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Altered States and NDEs
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Explanations of NDEs—Parapsychological
Explanations of NDEs—Philosophical
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Language and NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research
Religion and NDEs—Christianity
Science and NDEs
Veridical Perception during NDEs

Olson, M. (1987). The out-of-body experience and other states of consciousness. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 1(3) 201-207.

Abstract: The out-of-body experience (OBE)-the feeling that one's consciousness or center of awareness is in a place different from one's physical body-seems to be a fairly frequent occurrence in the general population. Yet the description of the experience can be similar to experiences of dreams, hallucinations, depersonalization, and other states of consciousness, some healthy and some pathologic. This article. based on current literature. compares the characteristics or the OBE with a number of these states. and reviews several current theories of the generation of OBE.

Copyright: Elsevier 1987.

Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08839417

Topics:
Related Experiences NOS

Gow, K., Lane, A., & Chant, D. (2003). Personality characteristics, beliefs, and the near-death experience. Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 31(2) 128-152.

Abstract: This study attempted to address the psychological correlates of near-death experience (NDE) reports. A sample of 239 participants (30 NDE experiencers, 120 NDE believers, and 89 controls) was drawn from the general population. Participants were assessed on the variables of fantasy proneness, paranormal beliefs, spiritual beliefs, and the intuition and feeling personality dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. NDE experiencers were assessed separately on the NDE Scale, and experiencers’ qualitative accounts of the NDE were also assessed. Experiencers differed significantly from controls on the variables of fantasy proneness, as measured by the Inventory of Childhood Memories and Imaginings, and paranormal beliefs, as measured by the Paranormal Beliefs Scale. The findings showed that experiencers and believers differed significantly on feeling preference of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Believers differed significantly from controls on all of the variables.

Copyright: © 2003. Reprinted with permission of the Australian Journal of Clinical And Experimental Hypnosis.

Link: http://www.ozhypnosis.com.au/journal.html

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Paranormal Phenomena
Aftereffects of NDEs—Religion
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Education Level
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs—Occupation
Characteristics of NDErs—Psychic Abilities
Characteristics of NDErs—Psychological Profile
Characteristics of NDErs—Religious Affiliations
Characteristics of NDErs—Socioeconomic Status
Characteristics of NDErs NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, Precognition
Characteristics of NDEs—Perception of Time
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Voluntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Disclosure of NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research
Non-NDErs' Attitudes toward NDEs

Lange, R., Greyson, B., & Houran, J. (2004). A Rasch scaling validation of a 'core' near-death experience. British Journal of Psychology, 95() 161-177.

Abstract: For those with true near-death experiences (NDEs), Greyson's (1983, 1990) NDE Scale satisfactorily fits the Rasch rating scale model, thus yielding a unidimensional measure with interval-level scaling properties. With increasing intensity, NDEs reflect peace, joy and harmony, followed by insight and mystical or religious experiences, while the most intense NDEs involve an awareness of things occurring in a different place or time. The semantics of this variable are invariant across True-NDErs' gender, current age, age at time of NDE, and latency and intensity of the NDE, thus identifying NDEs as 'core' experiences whose meaning is unaffected by external variables, regardless of variations in NDEs' intensity. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences were observed between True-NDErs and other respondent groups, mostly revolving around the differential emphasis on paranormal/mystical/religious experiences vs. standard reactions to threat. The findings further suggest that False-Positive respondents reinterpret other profound psychological states as NDEs. Accordingly, the Rasch validation of the typology proposed by Greyson (1983) also provides new insights into previous research, including the possibility of embellishment over time (as indicated by the finding of positive, as well as negative, latency effects) and the potential roles of religious affiliation and religiosity (as indicated by the qualitative differences surrounding paranormal/mystical/religious issues).

Copyright: Reproduced with permission from the British Journal of Psychology, © The British Psychological Society.

Link: http://www.ingentaselect.com

Topics:
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Children and Adolescents
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual
Characteristics of NDEs—Increased Knowledge, Thoughts
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Otherworldly Environments
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, Precognition
Characteristics of NDEs—Perception of Time
Characteristics of NDEs—Return NOS
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Definition of NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research

Rees, W. D. (1971). The hallucinations of widowhood. British Medical Journal, 4() 37-41.

Abstract: Summary, 227 widows and 66 widowers were interviewed to determine the extent to which they had hallucinatory experiences of their dead spouse. The people interviewed formed 80-7% of all widowed people resident within a defined area, in mid-Wales, and 94-2% of those suitable, through the absence of incapacitating illness, for interview. Almost half the people interviewed had hallucinations or illusions of the dead spouse. The proportion of men and women who had these experiences was similar. The hallucinations often lasted many years but were most common during the first 10 years of widowhood. Social isolation did not affect the incidence of hallucination, nor was it related to the incidence of known depressive illness. There was no variation within cultural groups and there was no variation with place of residence, whether this was within town, country, or village, or within England and Wales. Young people were less likely to be hallucinated than those widowed after the age of 40. The incidence of hallucination increased with length of marriage and was particularly associated with a happy marriage and parenthood. Members of the 'professional and managerial' group were particularly likely to be hallucinated.

Copyright: Reproduced with permission from the BMJ Publishing Group.

Link: http://www.bmjjournals.com

Topics:
Related Experiences—NDE-Like

Gabbard, G. O., & Twemlow, S. W. (1986). An overview of altered mind/body perception. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 50(4) 351-366.

Abstract: Altered mind/body perception refers to a group of phenomena that have in common an altered state of consciousness in which there is a subjectively perceived distortion of the normal spatial relationship between the mind and the body. These experiences include out-of-body experiences, depersonalization, autoscopy, schizophrenic body boundary disturbances, and near-death experiences. Taken together, they form a continuum ranging from integrating, life-changing experiences to highly pathological disorders. In this paper, the authors define and describe the various forms of altered mind/body perception and also discuss treatment considerations.

Copyright: © 1986. Reprinted with permission of Guilford Press.

Link: http://www.guilford.com

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs—Religion
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Altered States and NDEs
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Definition of NDEs
Psychopathology and NDEs—Depersonalization
Psychopathology and NDEs NOS
Related Experiences NOS

Noble, K. D. (1987). Psychological health and the experience of transcendence. Counseling Psychologist, 15(4) 601-614.

Abstract: Transcendent experience is generally viewed by mental health professionals as a rare occurrence and symptomatic of psychopathology. A growing body of research, however, suggests that it is more common and more productive of psychological health than was previously believed. This article reviews the recent literature and its implications for psychologists whose clients have had transcendent experience of some kind, and who need support in the adjustment period that follows. It reviews common characteristics of the experience, incidence, catalysts, and relationship to mental health. It also offers treatment guidelines for adjustment reactions and suggests directions for future research.

Copyright: © 1987. Reprinted with permission of SAGE Publications, Inc.

Link: http://tcp.sagepub.com/

Topics:
Counseling NDErs
Education about NDEs
Healing and NDEs—Psychological
Health Care Professionals and NDEs—Psychological

Sabom, M. B., & Kreutziger, S. (1977). The experience of near death. Death Education, 1(2) 195-203.

Abstract: Reported phenomena occurring in people encountering near-death situations have recently stimulated considerable public interest. in an informal survey, few professionals who care for critically ill patients were found to be aware of these occurrences. Approximately 50 patients with documented near-fatal encounters were interviewed to confirm the existence and nature of these phenomena; 11 patients had definite recollections, while unconscious, of either viewing their body from a detached position of height several feet above the ground (autoscopy) or of 'traveling' into another region or dimension (transcendence). No adequate medical explanation of these findings is presently available. We hope that a greater awareness and acceptance of these phenomena by health care professionals will both benefit the patient involved and lead to a greater insight into the poorly understood subject.

Copyright: © 1977. Reprinted with permission of Taylor & Francis, Ltd.

Link: http://www.informaworld.com

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs—Occupation
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Otherworldly Environments
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, ESP
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Involuntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Return NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Vision
Circumstances of NDEs—Consciousness and Unconsciousness
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Circumstances of NDEs—Induced Chemically
Disclosure of NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research

Hine, V. H. (1978). Altered states of consciousness: A form of death education. Death Education, 1(4) 373-396.

Abstract: It is suggested that a link exists between adaptive attitudes toward death and the experience of dramatically altered states of consciousness. Permanent changes in attitude frequently occur whether the altered state of consciousness is drug induced, achieved through various spiritual disciplines, or results from physical trauma in a 'clinical death”. The implications for death education are explored and three approaches both to studying and utilizing the link between nonordinary awareness and adaptive perspectives on death are suggested.

Copyright: © 1978. Reprinted with permission of Taylor & Francis, Ltd.

Link: http://www.informaworld.com

Topics:
Altered States and NDEs
Education about NDEs
Nearing Death and NDEs—Deathbed Visions
Thanatology and NDEs
Theories, NDE-Related, Psychological—Jung
Theories, NDE-Related, Psychological—Grof

Grey, M. (1982). The near-death experience. Dynamic Psychiatry-4), 15(3) 129-147.

Abstract: [Abstract available only in German; article in English.] Wie der Tod erlebt wird, darüber sind in den letzten Jahren jenseits von religiösen und mythischen Vorstellungen durch Interviews von kurzfristig klinisch verstorbenen und wiederbelebten Menschen Erkenntnisse gewonnen worden. Die Autorin hat aufgrund der von ihr befragten Personen und unter Einbeziehung ähnlicher Interviews anderer Autoren 5 charakteristische Phasen der Erlebens des Todes herausgefunden, die sie von psychischen Zuständen der Halluzination, des Traumes und der Einnahme von Drogen abgrenzt. Angesichts der Tatsache des zeitweiligen organischen Gehirntodes wirft sie die Frage nach einem geistig-psychischen Erleben und Dasein ohne das Substrat körperlicher Prozesse und Funktionen auf.

Copyright: © 1982. Reprinted with permission of Pinel Verlag GmbH.

Link: http://www.pinelverlag.com/idp.html

Topics:
Definition of NDEs
Dreams and NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Parapsychological
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Anoxia
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological NOS
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Religion and NDEs NOS

Harvey, A. D. (1986). Evidence of a tense shift in personal experience narratives. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 4(2) 151-162.

Abstract: Danger of death' narratives were collected and analyzed for their use of the historical present tense. The historical present tense in these narratives serves as a signal which fingerprints their identity as 'danger of death' narratives and, thus, has a potential application in artificial intelligence programs.

Copyright: © 1986. Reprinted with permission of Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.

Link: http://www.baywood.com/

Topics:
Thanatology and NDEs

Faguet, R. A. (1979). With the eyes of the mind: Autoscopic phenomena in the hospital setting. General Hospital Psychiatry, 1(4) 311-314.

Abstract: Autoscopy is a rare syndrome in which a person hallucinates a vision of himself, while retaining insight into the unreality of the phenomenon. Although a number of illnesses are associated with autoscopy, the most common causes are stress and fatigue. The medical, psychiatric, literary, and historical contributions to the understanding of autoscopy are reviewed and three recent cases presented. It is emphasized that illness, injury, and hospitalization are important precipitants of the syndrome, particularly in persons with highly developed visual memories.

Copyright: Elsevier 1979.

Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01638343

Topics:
Related Experiences NOS

Greyson, B. (2003). Incidence and correlates of near-death experiences in a cardiac care unit. General Hospital Psychiatry, 25() 269-276.

Abstract: Near-death experiences, unusual experiences during a close brush with death, may precipitate pervasive attitudinal and behavior changes. The incidence and psychological correlates of such experiences, and their association with proximity to death, are unclear. We conducted a 30-month survey to identify near-death experiences in a tertiary care center cardiac inpatient service. In a consecutive sample of 1595 patients admitted to the cardiac inpatient service (mean age 63 years, 61% male), of whom 7% were admitted with cardiac arrest, patients who described near-death experiences were matched with comparison patients on diagnosis, gender, and age. Near-death experiences were reported by 10% of patients with cardiac arrest and 1% of other cardiac patients (P<.001). Near-death experiencers were younger than other patients (P=.001), were more likely to have lost consciousness (P<.001) and to report prior purportedly paranormal experiences (P=.009), and had greater approach-oriented death acceptance (P=.01). Near-death experiencers and comparison patients did not differ in sociodemographic variables, social support, quality of life, acceptance of their illness, cognitive function, capacity for physical activities, degree of cardiac dysfunction, objective proximity to death, or coronary prognosis.

Copyright: Elsevier 2003.

Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01638343

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Paranormal Phenomena
Altered States and NDEs
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs—Psychological Profile
Characteristics of NDErs NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Increased Knowledge, Thoughts
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Otherworldly Environments
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, ESP
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, Precognition
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Perception of Time
Characteristics of NDEs—Return NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Consciousness and Unconsciousness
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Mental Processes and NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research

Feinstein, D., & Krippner, S. (1994). Reconciling transcendent experiences with the individual's evolving mythology. Humanistic Psychologist, 22(2) 203-227.

Abstract: Altered states challenge an individual's established construction of reality, the personalized mythology by which one operates. Sometimes those altered states offer a glimpse into aspects of being that the mythology is unable to embrace. Experiences of this nature may challenge the prevailing mythic structure. This confrontation between the established construction of reality and the view provided in the altered state may inspire a profound and wholesome shift in the person's sense of being, or it may lead to destabilizing conflicts with previously unquestioned belief systems and patterns of behavior. This article discusses the lure -- and the dilemmas of attempting to incorporate directly into one's life the raw creativity of a powerful and inspiring altered state, the challenges reconciling such experiences with one's existing mythology, and it presents a framework for facilitating such reconciliation.

Copyright: © 1994. Reprinted with permission of the authors and Taylor & Francis, Ltd.

Link: http://www.informaworld.com

Topics:
Altered States and NDEs

Lee, R. L. (2003). The new face of death: Postmodernity and changing perspectives of the afterlife. Illness, Crisis & Loss, 11(2) 134-147.

Abstract: Reflections on the near-death experience, the bardo teachings in Tibetan Buddhism, and the relationship between dying and dreaming have made possible many new insights into the death process. The postmodern context in which this knowledge is being disseminated provides an environment conducive to understanding the meaning of self-transformation in life and death. These developments suggest that the denial and fear of death have been an unnecessary distraction in the unfolding of human consciousness.

Copyright: © 2003. Reprinted with permission of Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.

Link: http://www.baywood.com/

Topics:
Afterlife, Belief in
Altered States and NDEs
Historical Perspectives on NDEs
Media Treatment of NDEs
Religion and NDEs—Buddhism
Science and NDEs
Thanatology and NDEs

Van Quekelberghe, R., Gobel, P., & Hertweck, E. (1994-1995). Simulation of near-death and out-of-body experiences under hypnosis. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 14(2) 151-164.

Abstract: In this article we report on an OBE and NDE-simulation study carried out with psychology students (n = 21). In addition to deep relaxation and special forms of hypnotic induction, a number of supplementary techniques were introduced. Effects of the simulation were examined by means of a questionnaire developed especially for the simulation experiment. Modifications and improvements were tested on several subjects who scored high on our questionnaires, and qualitative analysis were performed. Our observations and data are in accordance with findings from NDE and OBE research.

Copyright: © 1994. Reprinted with permission of Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.

Link: http://www.baywood.com/

Topics:
Hypnosis and NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research
Related Experiences—NDE-Like
Related Experiences NOS

Alvarado, C. S., & Zingrone, N. L. (1997-1998). Factors related to the depth of near-death experiences: Testing the 'embellishment over time' hypothesis. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 17(4) 339-344.

Abstract: In this article we explore the correlation of several variables with the depth of the near-death experience (NDE) as measured by Ring's Weighted Core Experience Index (WCEI). For this purpose we analyzed fifty-one NDE cases presented by Sutherland in tabular form in her book Reborn in the Light. To test for the possibility that older cases are embellished as time goes on we predicted that we would find a positive correlation between the WCEI and the time elapsed between the experience and Sutherland's interview. Other exploratory analyses attempted to relate the WCEI to sex, age at the time of the experience and at the time of the interview, and type of medical crisis during which the experience took place. None of the analyses conducted obtained significant results. There was a non-significant trend for surgical NDE cases to have higher scores in the WCEI than other conditions.

Copyright: © 1997. Reprinted with permission of Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.

Link: http://www.baywood.com/

Topics:
Characteristics of NDErs—Age NOS
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Circumstances of NDEs—Induced Chemically
Circumstances of NDEs—Suicide
Circumstances of NDEs—Time Elapse
Circumstances of NDEs NOS
Interpretations of NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research

Singh, A. R., Bagadia, V. N., Pradhan, P. V., & Acharya, V. N. (1988). Death, dying and near death experience: Preliminary report on surveying the need and developing the method. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 30(3) 299-306.

Abstract: Psychology of deaths due to acute medical emergencies is under-researched. Most studies till now have concentrated on extended-death situations like malignancy. This open pilot study of twenty five patients examines the psychological state of patients during a life threatening acute medical illness (Group A, ten patients) and of those who survive such an experience (Group B, fifteen patients). The study finds psychological exploration both possible and necessary if carried out in a discreet manner. Salient features of the interview technique are discussed. The study finds out whether patients are aware of the possibility of terminality. The psychological disturbances manifest and nature of care expected are also discussed. Near Death Experiences of those who acknowledge their occurrence are reported. Some nuances of thanatological research are high-lighted; What are the abilities needed in an interviewer? Can such exploration increase psychological distress in a patient already prone to it because of serious medical sickness? What impact such research can have on the interviewer himself? The paper answers some of these common questions while developing the method of thanatological study in acute medical death-situations.

Copyright: © 1988. Reprinted with permission of the Indian Journal of Psychiatry.

Link: http://www.indianjpsychiatry.org/

Topics:
Characteristics of NDErs—Psychological Profile
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound, Hearing
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Methodology in NDE Research
Nearing Death and NDEs NOS
Thanatology and NDEs

Olson, M., & Dulaney, P. (1993). Life satisfaction, life review, and near-death experiences in the elderly. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 11(4) 368-382.

Abstract: When 145 senior citizens living independently in the community were surveyed for incidence of near-death experiences (NDEs), 46 of the seniors believed they had had a 'close call' with death. Twelve of those reported that they had had an unusual experience during their close call and were subsequently interviewed. Their stories were evaluated using research criteria to document sufficient number of characteristics of an NDE for inclusion in research data and if that set of characteristics of the NDE included a life review component. They were also compared to a non-NDE group on the Life Satisfaction Index, to determine if life review in the context of an NDE helped older people feel more satisfied with life. There was no correlation, because surprisingly, although older people do have NDEs at least as often as other groups, the life review does not seem to be a part of it. So the reasons for scores on the LSI-A are not attributable to the life review. Reasons for this finding are discussed.

Copyright: © 1993. Reprinted with permission of SAGE Publications, Inc.

Link: http://jhn.sagepub.com/

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Counseling NDErs
Disclosure of NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Health Care Professionals and NDEs—Medical
Methodology in NDE Research

Groth-Marnat, G., & Schumaker, J. F. (1989). The near-death experience: A review and critique. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 29(1) 109-133.

Abstract: History and research on near-death experiences are reviewed and evaluated under five categories: frequency, measurement, patterns, aftereffects, and explanations. Major findings, inconsistencies, and controversies are summarized. Recommendations for future research are made, and the problems encountered when researching near-death experiences are discussed.

Copyright: © 1989. Reprinted with permission of SAGE Publications, Inc

Link: http://jhp.sagepub.com/

Topics:
Definition of NDEs
Historical Perspectives on NDEs

Quimby, S. L. (1989). The near-death experience as an event in consciousness. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 29(1) 87-108.

Abstract: A consciousness model of the near-death experience (NDE) is developed that incorporates the work of Tart (1975), Wilber (1980), Grof (1984), and Grosso (1984). This mod~ views the NDE as an altered state of consciousness triggered by the threat of imminent physical death. The individual is propelled without warning into modes of consciousness containing psychic and spiritual elements representing higher-order developmental stages but bearing the particular stamp of a death-related archetype. In temporarily visiting stages closer to full completion of his or her developmental possibilities, powerful but unfamiliar potentials may be activated that can be fully actualized only through sustained spiritual work.

Copyright: © 1989. Reprinted with permission of SAGE Publications, Inc.

Link: http://jhp.sagepub.com/

Topics:
Altered States and NDEs
Evolution and NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Parapsychological
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Explanations of NDEs—Sociological
Non-NDErs' Attitudes toward NDEs
Spirituality and NDEs
Theories, NDE-Related, Psychological—Jung
Theories, NDE-Related, Psychological—Grof

Hoffman, E. (1998). Peak experiences in childhood: An exploratory study Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 38(1) 109-120.

Abstract: This study investigated the extent and types of altered beliefs, attitudes, and values of 53 subjects who reported having had a near-death experience (NDE). A control group was composed of 27 individuals who reported having had similar life-threatening incidents but without a corresponding NDE. In addition, 45 significant others in the lives of the participants in these groups rated the extent and types of changes as a means of obtaining outside corroboration regarding the changes. The results indicated that the NDE group went through a significantly greater number of changes than persons who went through similar life-threatening situations but without having had a corresponding NDE. In addition, the extent and types of changes were mostly corroborated by significant others. Specific areas of change included increased concern for others, reduced death anxiety with a strengthened belief in an afterlife, increased transcendental experience, reduced interest in material possessions, increased self-worth, increased appreciation for natural phenomenon, and an enhanced awareness of paranormal phenomenon. Analysis of the depth of the experience indicated that the depth and the extent of change were positively correlated. Collectively, this information strongly suggests that it is the actual NDE itself, rather than some other factor such as merely being exposed to a life-threatening situation, that is crucial in facilitating change.

Copyright: © 1998. Reprinted with permission of SAGE Publications, Inc.

Link: http://jhp.sagepub.com/

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Paranormal Phenomena
Aftereffects of NDEs—Religion
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Counseling NDErs
Methodology in NDE Research
Non-NDErs' Attitudes toward NDEs
Reactions to NDEr—by Family, Spouse
Veridical Perception during NDEs

Groth-Marnat, G., & Summers, R. (1998). Altered beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors following near-death experiences. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 38(3) 110-125.

Abstract: This study investigated the extent and types of altered beliefs, attitudes, and values of 53 subjects who reported having had a near-death experience (NDE). A control group was composed of 27 individuals who reported having had similar life-threatening incidents but without a corresponding NDE. In addition, 45 significant others in the lives of the participants in these groups rated the extent and types of changes as a means of obtaining outside corroboration regarding the changes. The results indicated that the NDE group went through a significantly greater number of changes than persons who went through similar life-threatening situations but without having had a corresponding NDE. In addition, the extent and types of changes were mostly corroborated by significant others. Specific areas of change included increased concern for others, reduced death anxiety with a strengthened belief in an afterlife, increased transcendental experience, reduced interest in material possessions, increased self-worth, increased appreciation for natural phenomenon, and an enhanced awareness of paranormal phenomenon. Analysis of the depth of the experience indicated that the depth and the extent of change were positively correlated. Collectively, this information strongly suggests that it is the actual NDE itself, rather than some other factor such as merely being exposed to a life-threatening situation, that is crucial in facilitating change.

Copyright: © 1998. Reprinted with permission of SAGE Publications, Inc.

Link: http://jhp.sagepub.com/

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Paranormal Phenomena
Aftereffects of NDEs—Religion
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Counseling NDErs
Methodology in NDE Research
Non-NDErs' Attitudes toward NDEs
Reactions to NDEr—by Family, Spouse
Veridical Perception during NDEs

Greyson, B., & Liester, M. B. (2004). Auditory hallucinations following near-death experiences. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 44(3) 320-336.

Abstract: Among persons who reported having had near-death experiences, 80% also reported subsequent auditory hallucinations. Experiencers’ attitudes toward these hallucinations were over-whelmingly positive, as contrasted with the overwhelmingly negative attitudes of patients with schizophrenia toward their auditory hallucinations. Auditory hallucinations not related to disease processes are common and may be highly valued by those who hear them.

Copyright: © 2004. Reprinted with permission of SAGE Publications, Inc.

Link: http://jhp.sagepub.com/

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Cognitive
Aftereffects of NDEs—Emotional
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs—Physical Changes
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Education Level
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs—Marital Status
Characteristics of NDErs—Occupation
Characteristics of NDErs NOS
Methodology in NDE Research
Psychopathology and NDEs—Hallucinations
Psychopathology and NDEs NOS

Abramovitch, H. (1988). An Israeli account of a near-death experience: A case study of cultural dissonance. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 6(3) 175-184.

Abstract: The text of an Israeli near-death experience (NDE) is presented in translation from the Hebrew. This account is contrasted with the traditional Hebrew sources on NDEs or their equivalents, which formed part of the NDEr’s native subculture. In the present case, the lack of congruence between the reported NDE and the expected cultural form led to intense confusion described by the NDEr. Further study is needed of folk traditions of NDEs.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, ESP
Characteristics of NDEs—Perception of Time
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Involuntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound NOS
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Cross-Cultural NDEs
Cultural, Social Influences on NDEs
Disclosure of NDEs
Religion and NDEs—Judaism
Spirituality and NDEs

Olson, M. (1988). The incidence of out-of-body experiences in hospitalized patients. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 6(3) 169-174.

Abstract: The author studied out-of-body experiences (OBEs), cultural differences in reporting those OBEs, and associations between OBEs and frequency of dream recall in 100 white and 100 black adults hospitalized in a university medical center. Of the 200 subjects interviewed, 31 reported having had an OBE, six during the current hospitalization. White patients reported OBEs significantly more often than did black patients, possibly because of methodological problems in the interview techniques. Chi-squared tests showed significant positive associations between frequency of dream recall and incidence of OBEs, and between vivid dreams and incidence of OBEs.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Disclosure of NDEs

Holden, J. M. (1988). Rationale and considerations for proposed near-death research in the hospital setting. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 7(1) 19-31.

Abstract: Further research into the question of veridical perception during the “naturalistic” near-death out-of-body experience (nND OBE), that phase of the near-death experience in which the experiencer seems to be perceiving a normal earthly realm, would be of value to NDErs, their caregivers, and humanity in general. I propose a research procedure that targets visual perception during nND OBEs that occur in the hospital setting. I discuss unresolved issues in the design and implementation of such a procedure, and identify areas for further research.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Vision
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Methodology in NDE Research
Veridical Perception during NDEs

Holden, J. M. (1988). Visual perception during naturalistic near-death out-of-body experiences. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 7(2) 107-120.

Abstract: This study attempted to ascertain the most appropriate content and placement of visual stimuli in a hospital-based study of the veridicality of out-of-body perception in the near-death experience (NDE), and the likelihood that a subject in such a study would notice, clearly perceive, and accurately recall a visual stimulus. Based on the questionnaire responses of 63 subjects who had near-death out-of-body experiences (ND OBEs), at least some of the respondents described sufficiently complete and accurate visual perception during the experience to warrant the pursuit of veridicality research in hospitals. Recommended stimulus content for such research includes a surface with intense color and lighting, and simple number and/or letter combinations. Stimuli should be as far below ceiling level as possible while maintaining double-blind criteria. Some characteristics of the individual NDE and NDEr may affect veridical perception during the ND OBE.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Vision
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Mental Processes and NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research
Veridical Perception during NDEs

Holden, J. M. (1989). Unexpected findings in a study of visual perception during the naturalistic near-death out-of-body experience. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 7(3) 155-163.

Abstract: A study (Holden, 1988) of visual perception during the naturalistic near-death out-of-body experience (nND OBE), that aspect of the NDE in which the experiencer seems to view normal physical surroundings from a vantage point outside the physical body, yielded some unexpected findings that contradicted or augmented previous research. The majority of respondents were able to estimate the duration of the nND OBE; a sizable proportion reported delay of recall of the nND OBE; and the vast majority reported receptivity to subsequent verification of nND OBE perceptions. Each of these findings is discussed relative to previous research and analyzed in light of the limitations of the current study. Implications for further research are discussed.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Perception of Time
Mental Processes and NDEs
Veridical Perception during NDEs

Noyes, R. (1989). Comments on 'A neurobiological model for near-death experiences'. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 7(4) 249-250.

Abstract: No abstract.

Copyright:

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Anoxia
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Science and NDEs

Morse, M. L., Venecia, D., & Milstein, J. (1989). Near-death experiences: A neurophysiologic explanatory model. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 8(1) 45-53.

Abstract: Prior hypotheses as to the etiology of near-death experiences (NDEs) have been limited to psychiatric explanations or brief discussions of endorphins as causative agents. We present a neurophysiological explanation for NDEs based on their similarities with lysergic acid-, ketamine-, and hypercapnia-induced hallucinations. We believe the core NDE is genetically imprinted and triggered by serotonergic mechanisms.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Circumstances of NDEs—Induced Chemically
Circumstances of NDEs—Stress
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Psychopathology and NDEs—Hallucinations
Religion and NDEs NOS

Twemlow, S. W. (1989). Clinical approaches to the out-of-body experience. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 8(1) 29-43.

Abstract: The author reviews aspects of the out-of-body experience (OBE) related to psychic experiences and personality traits, and describes a continuum of experiences of altered mind/body perception, from the prototypical OBE on the healthy end to schizophrenia and organic brain syndromes on the other end. The impact of the OBE on the individual’s life is described, with suggestions for a psychoeducational approach to the clinical management of the patient with an OBE to allow maximum growth from the consciousness-expanding effects of the experience.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Altered States and NDEs
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena NOS
Counseling NDErs
Explanations of NDEs—Parapsychological
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological NOS
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological

Ring, K., & Rosing, C. J. (1990). The Omega Project: An empirical study of the NDE-prone personality. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 8(4) 211-239.

Abstract: Seventy-four near-death experiencers (NDErs) and 54 persons interested in near-death experiences (NDEs) participated in a mail questionnaire survey to assess the role of psychological factors in influencing susceptibility to NDEs and to measure aftereffects stemming from such events. NDErs, while not more fantasy-prone than control subjects, reported greater sensitivity to nonordinary realities as children and a higher incidence of child abuse and trauma. NDErs also scored higher on a measure of psychological dissociation. We discuss the implications of these findings for the concept of an NDE-prone personality. In addition to substantial shifts in values and beliefs, NDErs described far more psychophysical changes, including symptoms of kundalini activation, following their NDEs than did controls. We then discuss the implications of these findings with respect to their possible significance for human transformation and the emergence of a more highly evolved human being, the Omega Prototype.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Cognitive
Aftereffects of NDEs—Emotional
Aftereffects of NDEs—Paranormal Phenomena
Aftereffects of NDEs—Physical Changes
Aftereffects of NDEs—Religion
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Altered States and NDEs
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Education Level
Characteristics of NDErs—Psychic Abilities
Characteristics of NDErs—Psychological Profile
Characteristics of NDErs—Trauma and Abuse
Characteristics of NDErs NOS
Explanations of NDEs—Parapsychological
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological NOS
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Kundalini and NDEs
Mental Processes and NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research
Psychopathology and NDEs—Dissociation
Spirituality and NDEs

Serdahely, W. J. (1990). Pediatric near-death experiences. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 9(1) 33-39.

Abstract: A review of one previously reported and three new pediatric near-death experiences (NDEs), in which the experiencers were interviewed as children, suggests that the childhood core NDE as described by Melvin Morse and colleagues may be expanded to include feeling pain-free, seeing a light at the tunnel’s end, entering the light, and time alteration. These cases also suggest that the life review may be a function of chronological age.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs—Paranormal Phenomena
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Animals and NDEs
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Children and Adolescents
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Perception of Time
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Voluntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Return NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness

Serdahely, W. J. (1990). Thomas Kuhn revisited: Near-death studies and paradigm shifts. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 9(1) 5-10.

Abstract: Near-death studies can be viewed within a theoretical framework of “paradigms” and “paradigm shifts” as explicated by Thomas Kuhn (1962). Assuming the validity of Kuhn’s model, I hypothesize that the paradigm of today’s “normal science” is shifting to a new paradigm to accommodate data from near-death studies.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Cultural, Social Influences on NDEs
Science and NDEs

Schnaper, N., & Panitz, H. L. (1990). Near-death experiences: Perception is reality. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 9(2) 97-104.

Abstract: The authors propose three etiologies responsible for the near-death experience, which they refer to as an altered state of consciousness: physiologic, pharmacologic, and psychologic. They recommend research to determine what developmental factors influence the emotionality of the experience and how in-depth understanding can be used to provide better patient care.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Altered States and NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological NOS
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Psychopathology and NDEs—Dissociation
Psychopathology and NDEs NOS
Psychopharmacology and NDEs NOS

Barnett, L. (1991). Hospice nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward the near-death experience. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 9(4) 225-232.

Abstract: I surveyed 60 hospice nurses regarding their knowledge and attitudes toward the near-death experience (NDE), using Thornburg’s Near-Death Phenomena Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. Most hospice nurses had previous work experience with an NDEr. Approximately half the nurses were knowledgeable about the NDE. All participants had a positive attitude toward near-death phenomena and toward caring for an NDEr. Recommendations include near-death phenomena in-service education for hospice nurses and inclusion of NDE content in nursing education programs.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Counseling NDErs
Education about NDEs
Health Care Professionals and NDEs—Medical
Methodology in NDE Research
Non-NDErs' Attitudes toward NDEs
Spirituality and NDEs

Serdahely, W. J. (1991). A comparison of retrospective accounts of childhood near-death experiences with contemporary pediatric near-death experience accounts. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 9(4) 219-224.

Abstract: I compared five childhood near-death experiences (NDEs) reported by adults and another five NDEs reported by minors, in terms of Ring’s five NDE stages, Greyson’s four NDE components, Moody and Perry’s 12 NDE traits, Sabom’s 16 general characteristics, and Gallup and Proctor’s 10 basic positive experiences. In this combined pool of 47 NDE characteristics (which were interdependent), only two relating to time sense showed significant differences between the adults’ retrospective reports of childhood NDEs and the children’s contemporary NDE reports, and that number of differences would be expected by chance. This study therefore supports the claims of previous researchers that adults’ retrospective reports of childhood NDEs are not embellished or distorted.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Children and Adolescents
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs—Marital Status
Disclosure of NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research

Basil, R. (1991). The popular appeal of the near-death experience. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(1) 61-68.

Abstract: In this article I argue that as scientific research provides an ever-more-complete physiological explanation of the near-death experience (NDE), popular interest in NDEs will wane, because transcendental interpretation, which holds that the NDE provides proof of an immaterial soul, an afterlife, and assorted paranormal phenomena, has always been the magnet that has attracted widespread attention to the subject. Since the transcendental interpretation resonates with our culture’s deepest wishes, dreams, and fears, the television and newspapers have tended to focus on that model almost exclusively. This unbalanced presentation of near-death research has reinforced the traditional image of science as a cold, heartless enterprise. I speculate that, in terms of its popular appeal, future near-death research may well have more impact on the field of psychotherapy than that of religion or the paranormal.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological NOS
Explanations of NDEs NOS
Language and NDEs
Media Treatment of NDEs
Psychopathology and NDEs—Hallucinations
Science and NDEs
Spirituality and NDEs

Bush, N. E. (1991). Is ten years a life review? Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(1) 5-9.

Abstract: Looking back on ten years of involvement with near-death studies and with the International Association for Near-Death Studies, I review some of the major questions and accomplishments of that decade both in our understanding of the near-death experience and in our service as an organization.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Historical Perspectives on NDEs

Gabbard, G. O., & Twemlow, S. W. (1991). Do 'near-death experiences' occur only near-death?-revisited. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(1) 41-47.

Abstract: Ten years ago our research on out-of-body experiences suggested that the elements of the near-death experience (NDE) were not necessarily limited to situations in which survival was threatened. A decade of continued study has confirmed that the perception of being near death, independent of the actual reality of the situation, is the key determinant of the classical NDE. From early in life, the infant’s dread of catastrophe leads to the elaboration of extensive psychological defenses against the possibility of extinction. The NDE is simultaneously a manifestation of faith and a catalyst for the development of faith.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Perception of Time
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound, Hearing
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Consciousness and Unconsciousness
Circumstances of NDEs—Stress
Circumstances of NDEs NOS
Definition of NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Explanations of NDEs NOS
Mental Processes and NDEs
Related Experiences NOS

Ring, K. (1991). Amazing grace: The near-death experience as a compensatory gift. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(1) 11-39.

Abstract: This paper illustrates the apparently providential timing and the healing character of near-death experiences (NDEs) and NDE-like episodes, through four case histories of persons whose lives, prior to their experiences, were marked by deep anguish and a sense of hopelessness. Spiritually, such case histories suggest the intervention of a guiding intelligence that confers a form of “amazing grace” on the recipient. Methodologically, these reports point to the importance of taking into account the person’s life history as a context for understanding the full significance of NDEs and similar awakening experiences. The article ends with a retrospective account of a childhood NDE in which “the big secret” of these experiences is disclosed.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs—Paranormal Phenomena
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Afterlife, Belief in
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Children and Adolescents
Characteristics of NDErs—Religious Affiliations
Characteristics of NDErs—Trauma and Abuse
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual
Characteristics of NDEs—Increased Knowledge, Thoughts
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Otherworldly Environments
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, ESP
Characteristics of NDEs—Perception of Time
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Involuntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Return NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound, Music
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Circumstances of NDEs—Induced Chemically
Disclosure of NDEs
Healing and NDEs—Physical
Healing and NDEs—Psychological
Language and NDEs
Mental Processes and NDEs
Psychopathology and NDEs NOS
Psychopharmacology and NDEs—Anesthesia

Becker, C. B. (1991). Over my dead body there is an ideal utopia: Comments on Kellehear's paper. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(2) 97-106.

Abstract: Allan Kellehear’s near-death experiencers (NDErs) report perceiving a utopia beyond death. I examine the logical implications and philosophical possibilities of such a realm, and come to three conclusions. First, the realms described by NDErs, if taken at face value, are far from utopian, rather resembling travelers’ romances with exotic lands. Second, any truly utopian postmortem society is so far removed from our present world as to be morally irrelevant to our own. And third, only an ideational postmortem utopia, of the sort exemplified by Pure Land Buddhist theology, can avoid both the non-utopian nature of NDErs’ descriptions and the irrelevance of postmortem utopias.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Afterlife, Belief in
Cultural, Social Influences on NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Philosophical
Explanations of NDEs—Sociological
Religion and NDEs—Buddhism
Spirituality and NDEs

Charmaz, K. (1991). Near-death utopias: Now or later? Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(2) 131-134.

Abstract: By viewing near-death experiences (NDEs) in the context of the quest for an ideal society, Kellehear offered hope for positive social change and insight into the social, rather than purely personal, meanings of the NDE. However, his approach raised issues of the interpretive research process generally. As with any research, near-death studies are influenced by investigators’ questions, interests, and assumptions. Despite the reasoning behind Kellehear’s position, he grounded his analysis not in the data, but rather in his typology of idea societies. I suggest we look first for indications of ideal social order in near-death narratives, and only later compare them with types of utopias.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Methodology in NDE Research

Kellehear, A. (1991). Glimpses of utopia near death? A rejoinder. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(2) 135-141.

Abstract: Five scholars have offered comments, suggestions, and criticisms of my paper “Near-Death Experiences and Pursuit of the Idea Society.” In this rejoinder, I reply to those comments and elaborate on aspects of my earlier paper. I discuss issues of methodology, epistemology, validity, logic, and other social considerations with respect to the plausibility of viewing some near-death imagery as utopian. I conclude with some reflections on the social character and study of the near-death experience.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Cultural, Social Influences on NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Philosophical
Explanations of NDEs—Sociological
Methodology in NDE Research

Mickel, H. A. (1991). A critique of Kellehear's transcendent society. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(2) 123-130.

Abstract: Allan Kellehear argued that the otherworld society envisioned in near-death experiences (NDEs) is similar to utopian societies. However, his cultural analysis, based on 9 Mormon NDEs, did not reflect the diversity of near-death visions from other cultures. I suggest that these Mormon NDEs were neither as utopian as Kellehear assumed nor representative of contemporary NDE reports, and that a more complete analysis would reveal a variety of NDEs and otherworld visions reflecting the experiencers’ sociocultural background. Robert Bellah’s model of religious evolution provides a model for charting the NDE’s change over time and cultures, and allows us to differentiate the perennial features of the NDE from the transient culturally-determined ones—a first step in understanding the role of NDEs in the quest for an ideal society.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Cultural, Social Influences on NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research
Religion and NDEs—Christianity, Mormonism
Religion and NDEs NOS

Mills, A. (1991). Commentary on Allan Kellehear's 'Near-death experiences and the pursuit of the ideal society'. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(2) 113-122.

Abstract: Allan Kellehear’s article raised four questions for me: (1) whether the near-death experience (NDE) presents enough data about the nature of a transcendent society for it to be a useful model for earthly societies; (2) the degree to which transcendent societies have to address the practical considerations of a material society; (3) whether NDEs are projections of experiencers’ cultural concepts about the nature of the transcendent realm(s); and (4) the kind of hope offered by the growing awareness of the features of Western NDEs. I address these questions by referring to transcendent realm concepts and NDEs in the anthropological literature, particularly that of the North American Indian Prophet Movement.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Afterlife, Belief in
Cultural, Social Influences on NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Philosophical
Explanations of NDEs—Sociological
Religion and NDEs—Indigenous Cultures
Religion and NDEs NOS

Atwater, P. M. H. (1992). Is there a hell? Surprising observations about the near-death experience. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(3) 149-160.

Abstract: The percentage of hell-like near-death experiences (NDEs) is probably much larger than has been previously claimed. In this article, I discuss current research into what are now termed “distressing” or “unpleasant” NDEs, and my own findings from interviews of over a hundred such cases. I compare this information with earlier reports from Maurice Rawlings (1978, 1980), mythological traditions about the concept of hell, and renderings from The Tibetan Book of the Dead (Evans-Wentz, 1957). Finally, I detail four types of NDEs—initial, hell-like, heaven-like, and transcendental—and what seems to be an attitudinal profile characteristic of each type.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, NDErs’ Descriptions of
Altered States and NDEs
Birth Trauma and NDEs
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Children and Adolescents
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Otherworldly Environments
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound, Hearing
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Disclosure of NDEs
Evolution and NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Interpretations of NDEs
Media Treatment of NDEs
Mental Processes and NDEs
Religion and NDEs—Christianity

Bechtel, L. J., Chen, A., Pierce, R. A., & Walker, B. A. (1992). Assessment of clergy knowledge and attitudes toward near-death experiences. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(3) 161-170.

Abstract: The results of a questionnaire distributed to 2,722 clergy from Pennsylvania and Illinois (320 usable questionnaires returned) showed the respondents had limited knowledge of the near-death experience (NDE) but had a moderately positive attitude toward the subject. Using Nina Thornburg’s (1988) Near-Death Phenomena Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire, respondents’ mean score for knowledge questions was 7.8 out of 18, and mean score for attitudes questions was 49 out of 85. Approximately 98% of the clergy had heard of NDEs; 85% of the clergy had counseled parishioners who had had NDEs; nearly 40% had had personal contact with an experiencer; and 10% reported having had NDEs themselves. Respondents were most familiar with the near-death element of “peace,” and with experiencers’ greater appreciation for life and belief in an afterlife.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Characteristics of NDErs—Occupation
Counseling NDErs
Disclosure of NDEs
Education about NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research
Non-NDErs' Attitudes toward NDEs

Serdahely, W. J. (1992). Loving help from the other side: A mosaic of some near-death, and near-death-like, experiences. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(3) 171-182.

Abstract: Persons who have Stage 5 or Transcendental near-death experiences frequently report they were given a message that they should be more loving and helpful to others upon returning to their bodies. On the other hand, some persons who have had near-death, or near-death-like, experiences report receiving loving help from “the other side.” I propose that these reports are evidence that the other side “practices what it preaches.”

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Aftereffects of NDEs—Paranormal Phenomena
Animals and NDEs
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Children and Adolescents
Characteristics of NDErs—Trauma and Abuse
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Otherworldly Environments
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Involuntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound, Hearing
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Circumstances of NDEs—Induced Chemically
Circumstances of NDEs—Suicide
Disclosure of NDEs
Healing and NDEs—Physical
Healing and NDEs—Psychological
Psychopharmacology and NDEs—Anesthesia
Related Experiences—NDE-Like
Related Experiences NOS

Cook, R. B. (1992). The resurrection as near-death experience. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 10(4) 193-204.

Abstract: I suggest in this paper that Jesus Christ was not clinically dead, but in a deep coma when he was taken down from the cross. He was revived by Joseph of Arimathea, who was permitted to take Jesus’s body into his care. By Pentecost, seven weeks later, Jesus had finally recovered from his wounds, and his reappearance convinced his followers that he was the Son of God. I suggest that the Resurrection was not a physical happening, but a near-death experience. As such, it was totally real to Christ himself, and it also confirmed his belief that he could, by proxy discharge humanity’s sins.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Famous People's NDEs
Related Experiences NOS

Arnette, J. K. (1992). On the mind/body problem: The theory of essence. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(1) 5-18.

Abstract: The classical mind/body problem can be approached empirically, using instances of the near-death experience (NDE) as experimental data. The monistic viewpoint, that the mind is the functioning of the brain, finds little support in the NDE data, while dualism, mind and body as separate entities, is consistent with NDE research to date. Comparison of the details of the NDE with predictions from theoretical cosmology shows strong similarities between the two and further strengthens the case for dualism. A theory of human nature is proposed that incorporates these similarities.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Characteristics of NDEs—Perception of Time
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Explanations of NDEs—Philosophical
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Explanations of NDEs NOS
Science and NDEs

Lundahl, C. R. (1992). Angels in near-death experiences. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(1) 49-56.

Abstract: The literature on near-death experiences (NDEs) contains no substantive discussion of angels in NDEs, even though there are references to angels in several studies of these experiences. In this article I identify angels in NDEs and describe their functions in the NDE based on published NDE accounts. I conclude that angels are personages with whom the NDEr does not usually recall having previous acquaintance. Angels serve as guides, messengers, or escorts in the NDE.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual

Serdahely, W. J. (1992). Similarities between near-death experiences and multiple personality disorder. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(1) 19-38.

Abstract: In this paper I compare the phenomenology of near-death experiences to that of multiple personality disorder. The comparison reveals a number of similarities, including out-of-body experiences, the transcendental environment, encounter with the higher self, possible temporal lobe involvement, and antecedent child abuse. Rather than being disparate and unrelated experiences, I suggest that the near-death experience and multiple personality disorder may be variants of the same basic phenomenological pattern.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Characteristics of NDErs—Trauma and Abuse
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, ESP
Characteristics of NDEs—Perception of Time
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Involuntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Dreams and NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Psychopathology and NDEs NOS

Lundahl, C. R. (1992). Near-death visions of unborn children: Indications of a pre-earth life. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(2) 123-128.

Abstract: A limited number of accounts of near-death visions that include unborn children suggest a life before birth. The unborn children in these visions have been described as spirits, as children or children but full-grown, and as residing in another world, perhaps different from the realm of the afterlife. The arrival of these children into our earthly world is similar to the departure of near-death experiencers into the other world.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Children and Adolescents
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings NOS
Characteristics of NDEs NOS

Moody, R. A. (1992). Family reunions: Visionary encounters with the departed in a modern-day psychomanteum. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(2) 83-121.

Abstract: A poignant feature of many near-death experiences is a visionary encounter with deceased loved ones. Over the centuries, researchers have sought safe ways to replicate near-death and related experiences, hoping to induce the powerful aftereffects of these events. The ancient Greeks constructed psychomanteums, or oracles of the dead, where seekers could consult spirits of the deceased. I describe a modern attempt to recreate the psychomanteum. Like near-death experiences, visionary encounters in this modern psychomanteum are experienced as real and not as hallucinatory, and have profound personal aftereffects. This novel experimental technique may permit the scientific study of phenomena that previously occurred only spontaneously and under uncontrolled circumstances.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Related Experiences—NDE-Like
Related Experiences NOS

Wren-Lewis, J. (1992). Avoiding the Columbus confusion: An Ockhamish view of near-death research. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(2) 75-81.

Abstract: The positive aftereffects of near-death experiences (NDEs) are sometimes regarded as due to the possibility that they may be “visions of the beyond.” But that notion could be a serious misconception, similar to what I call the “Columbus Confusion.” Five hundred years ago, Christopher Columbus’s belief that he had found a new route to India prevented him from realizing that he had discovered a new continent. Likewise, contemporary belief that NDEs are glimpses of an afterlife may prevent us from realizing their more profound nature. Belief in an afterlife has not historically brought humanity a high quality of life, but NDEs seem reliably to do so, and may offer important clues about why the expanded vitality, the “eternity- consciousness,” of the mystics is commonly blocked. Those clues are obscured by popular emphasis on that minority of NDEs that resemble otherworld journeys.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Altered States and NDEs
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Otherworldly Environments
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Vision
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain

Luciani, V. (1993). Life after life-after-life. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(3) 137-148.

Abstract: This essay is a first-person account describing the profound impact of my near-death experience (NDE). I surrendered everything in response to a spiritual mandate to do something different with my new life after the NDE. Researchers may find that such intensive responses contain credible data of interest in evaluating the question of why we have NDEs.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Aftereffects of NDEs—Emotional
Aftereffects of NDEs—Paranormal Phenomena
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, ESP
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Voluntary
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Consciousness and Unconsciousness
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Dreams and NDEs
Spirituality and NDEs

Tiberi, E. (1993). Extrasomatic emotions. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(3) 149-170.

Abstract: I describe an investigation carried out in Italy on 54 subjects, half of whom had out-of-body experiences (OBEs) in good health, and half of whom had OBEs in a coma or in a state of presumed death. The focus of this research was the emotions subjects reported having felt during their OBEs. Results suggest that both in-the-body (somatic) and out-of-the-body (extrasomatic) emotions can be viewed on a continuum that shows them to be analogous or identical in both their nature and function. In light of recent theories of emotions, both the enhanced mental functioning and the subsequent existential changes connected with OBEs can be attributed to extraordinary positive emotions, theoretically triggered by the metaphysical perception of being during the OBE.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Cognitive
Aftereffects of NDEs—Emotional
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs—Physical Changes
Aftereffects of NDEs—Religion
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Altered States and NDEs
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Adults
Characteristics of NDErs—Education Level
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs—Socioeconomic Status
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Increased Knowledge, Thoughts
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, ESP
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound, Music
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Vision
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Cross-Cultural NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological NOS
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Mental Processes and NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research
Related Experiences NOS

Gomez-Jeria, J. S. (1993). A near-death experience among the Mapuche people. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(4) 219-222.

Abstract: This paper describes a possible near-death experience (NDE) among the Mapuche people of Chile. The individual reporting the experience was in a cataleptic-like state for two days, the experience itself occurring at the end of this period. Some common features of NDEs, such as encounters with deceased people and being sent back, are present, together with clear evidence that past and present cultural environment shape in part the content of mental experiences.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Cross-Cultural NDEs
Cultural, Social Influences on NDEs
Literature, Fictional

Lundahl, C. R., & Widdison, H. A. (1993). Social positions in the City of Light. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(4) 231-238.

Abstract: This article describes the social positions of inhabitants in the otherworldly City of Light as reported by a limited number of Mormon near-death experiencers (NDErs). These social positions included men and women and various relatives and friends, in addition to authorities or administrators, genealogists, guardians, guides, homemakers, missionaries, teachers, and students. These reports of social positions in the City of Light are similar to those described by other researchers, and are comparable to those found in our own world.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Afterlife, NDErs’ Descriptions of
Characteristics of NDErs—Religious Affiliations
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Otherworldly Environments
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Involuntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Voluntary
Cultural, Social Influences on NDEs
Definition of NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Sociological
Religion and NDEs—Christianity, Mormonism

Ring, K., & Lawrence, M. (1993). Further evidence for veridical perception during near-death experiences. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(4) 223-229.

Abstract: We briefly survey research designed to validate alleged out-of-body perceptions during near-death experiences. Most accounts of this kind that have surfaced since Michael Sabom’s work are unsubstantiated self-reports or, as in claims of visual perception of blind persons, completely undocumented or fictional, but there have been some reports that were corroborated by witnesses. We briefly present and discuss three new cases of this kind.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Circumstances of NDEs—Hospital
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Non-NDErs' Attitude Change after Learning about NDEs
Non-NDErs' Attitudes toward NDEs
Veridical Perception during NDEs

Steinmetz, D. (1993). Moses' 'revelation' on Mount Horeb as a near-death experience. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 11(4) 199-203.

Abstract: Moses, the leader and lawgiver to the people of Israel, went through a metamorphosis during his stay in the Sinai Desert, which can be explained as a near-death or near-death-like experience. Moses saw and heard God in the burning bush and yet survived. Following his revelation, he reached a higher level of consciousness, which enabled personality changes to occur. From being a simple shepherd of his father-in-law’s flock, he turned into a prophet and charismatic leader of his people.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Emotional
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Famous People's NDEs
Related Experiences—NDE-Like
Spirituality and NDEs

Kellehear, A. (1993). Death and renewal in The Velveteen Rabbit: A sociological reading. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(1) 35-51.

Abstract: This article provides a sociological interpretation of The Velveteen Rabbit (Williams, 1922) critical of recent materialist and psychoanalytic readings. I argue that this children’s story exemplifies the use of a non-materialist idea of death to suggest other themes about love and life, and discuss implications for near-death research.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Literature, Fictional

Lundahl, C. R. (1993). Lessons from near-death experiences for humanity. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(1) 5-16.

Abstract: A considerable amount of information on the aftereffects of near-death experiences (NDEs) has been gathered by researchers and used by practitioners to help NDErs, but the lessons from this information have not been presented for use by the rest of humanity. This essay summarizes nine lessons consistently gleaned from NDEs, which may help motivate humanity to live more in accordance with the messages from NDEs.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Cognitive
Aftereffects of NDEs—Emotional
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Children and Adolescents
Spirituality and NDEs

Wells, A. D. (1993). Reincarnation beliefs among near-death experiencers. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(1) 17-34.

Abstract: Several researchers have found that near-death experiences (NDEs) tend to increase belief in reincarnation. This study was designed to examine the factors underlying this belief shift. I used a questionnaire to compare the tendency toward belief in reincarnation among NDErs, individuals merely interested in NDEs, and a non-experiencer, non-interest control group. In addition, I interviewed 14 NDErs to gain insight into the factors influencing NDErs’ beliefs. NDErs’ reincarnation belief shift appeared to be due to (a) direct knowledge of reincarnation gained by some NDErs in the NDE itself; (b) knowledge of reincarnation gained through a general psychic awakening following the NDE; or (c) exploration of alternative perceptions of reality following the NDE.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Aftereffects of NDEs—Cognitive
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Paranormal Phenomena
Aftereffects of NDEs—Religion
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Afterlife, NDErs’ Descriptions of
Characteristics of NDErs—Religious Affiliations
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Kundalini and NDEs
Mental Processes and NDEs
Methodology in NDE Research
Reincarnation and NDEs
Spirituality and NDEs

Lundahl, C. R. (1993). The near-death experience: A theoretical summarization. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(2) 105-118.

Abstract: This article (a) outlines a systematic theory of the near-death experience (NDE) based on accumulated research; (b) formulates 23 propositions that describe the NDE developmental process and illustrates these propositions and their relationship to one another; and (c) discusses observations on the sequence of events for the NDE and its aftermath and illustrates a proposed model of causal relationships for the NDE.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Otherworldly Environments
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Involuntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Voluntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Return NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound, Hearing
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Vision
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Consciousness and Unconsciousness
Circumstances of NDEs—Illness
Circumstances of NDEs—Suicide
Circumstances of NDEs NOS
Explanations of NDEs NOS
Mental Processes and NDEs
Spirituality and NDEs

Ring, K. (1993). A new book of the dead: Reflections on the near-death experience and the Tibetan Buddhist tradition regarding the nature of death. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(2) 75-84.

Abstract: There are many similarities between Tibetan Buddhist teachings on death, as reflected in The Tibetan Book of the Dead (Trungpa and Freemantle, 1975), and a perspective based on the modern study of near-death experiences (NDEs)but also important differences. In view of these differences, a more appropriate comparison might involve historical cases of Tibetan NDEs and contemporary Western accounts. A tradition of NDEs in Tibetan culture, the das-log experience, affords such a comparison. Modern NDEs differ from das-log experiences in ways that reflect their cultural context, and may provide the foundation for a new Book of the Dead especially fitted to the existential and planetary concerns of our own time.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Cognitive
Aftereffects of NDEs—Emotional
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs—Religion
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, Belief in
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions NOS
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Cross-Cultural NDEs
Cultural, Social Influences on NDEs
Historical Perspectives on NDEs
Interpretations of NDEs
Religion and NDEs—Buddhism
Religion and NDEs—Christianity
Spirituality and NDEs

Serdahely, W. J. (1993). Near-death experiences and dissociation: Two cases. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(2) 85-94.

Abstract: The near-death experience (NDE) literature has long chronicled the observation that out-of-body experiences (OBEs) lead to relief from physical and emotional pain. Researchers have suggested recently that the NDE may be viewed as dissociation. People who are physically or sexually abused, including those who have multiple personality disorder, often develop dissociative defenses and may well leave their bodies to achieve pain relief. This article presents two cases of NDEs that support the supposition that NDEs and OBEs may be a dissociative process.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Altered States and NDEs
Characteristics of NDErs—Trauma and Abuse
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual
Characteristics of NDEs—Increased Knowledge, Thoughts
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound, Hearing
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Vision
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Consciousness and Unconsciousness
Circumstances of NDEs—Induced Chemically
Circumstances of NDEs NOS
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Healing and NDEs—Physical
Healing and NDEs—Psychological
Psychopathology and NDEs—Dissociation
Psychopathology and NDEs NOS
Psychopharmacology and NDEs—Anesthesia
Related Experiences NOS

Jourdan, J. (1994). Near-death and transcendental experiences: Neurophysiological correlates of mystical traditions. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(3) 177-200.

Abstract: The first stages of transcendental experiences might be induced by blocking or saturating sensory input to the brain at the level of the hippocampus. This could be accomplished during near-death experiences by blockade of hippocampal NMDA receptors by endopsychosins and during meditation by alteration of the hippocampal theta rhythm. Mystical practices described in ancient yogic or taoist texts may also alter hippocampal theta by breath exercises or labyrinthine stimulation. Many accounts of kundalini awakenings are consistent with this theory, as is an extended version of Itzhak Bentov’s physio-kundalini model.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Aftereffects of NDEs—Emotional
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Death
Aftereffects of NDEs—Out-of-Body Experiences
Aftereffects of NDEs—Paranormal Phenomena
Aftereffects of NDEs—Sense of Self, Psychological and Physical
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Afterlife, NDErs’ Descriptions of
Altered States and NDEs
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Induced Chemically
Cross-Cultural NDEs
Disclosure of NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Healing and NDEs—Psychological
Kundalini and NDEs
Language and NDEs
Psychopharmacology and NDEs—Anesthesia
Related Experiences—NDE-Like
Religion and NDEs—Mysticism
Sensory Deprivation and NDEs

Kieffer, G. (1994). Kundalini and the near-death experience. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(3) 159-176.

Abstract: While many now believe that the near-death experience can, in some cases, activate the kundalini, there is still little understanding of what is meant by the arousal of this power. The awakening of kundalini actually means the reversal of the activity of the reproductive system and the activation of another chamber in the brain, which, if all goes well, can lead to enlightenment or illumination, the next stage of human evolution. One objective proof of this phenomenon is urdhava-retas, the upward flow of the sexual energy. Unless this reversal occurs and persists, there can be no meaningful awakening.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Altered States and NDEs
Evolution and NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological NOS
Kundalini and NDEs
Religion and NDEs—Mysticism

Wile, L. C. (1994). Near-death experiences: A speculative neural model. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(3) 133-142.

Abstract: A personal mystical experience led me to the belief that a little known structure in the center of the spinal cord, Reissner’s fiber, is identical with the anatomical entity described by kundalini yoga. My struggles to understand the meaning of that experience have led me to believe that an understanding of the deeper realities underlying quantum phenomena can be integrated with an understanding of the mysterious realities of near-death and other mystical experiences, and that Reissner’s fiber can serve as an empirical basis for a scientific investigation of these phenomena.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Kundalini and NDEs
Religion and NDEs—Mysticism
Science and NDEs
Spirituality and NDEs

Basterfield, K. (1994). Comments on Stuart Twemlow's 'Misidentified flying objects? An integrated psychodynamic perspective on near-death experiences and UFO abductions'. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(4) 225-227.

Abstract: In addition to the hypotheses on UFO abductions and near-death experiences described by Stuart Twemlow, another one has been put forward by researchers over the years that increases the complexity of the question of the reality of these experiences. Furthermore, there is some claimed physical evidence for abductions, while there is none for near-death experiences (NDEs). The exploration of unusual personal changes at the time of an abduction or NDE certainly warrants further attention, but investigators should give the well-being of the experiencer top priority.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Explanations of NDEs—Philosophical
Related Experiences—UFO

Gotlib, D. (1994). Comments on Twemlow's article. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(4) 229-233.

Abstract: Stuart Twemlow’s argument for a psychodynamic approach to anomalous experiences contains some weaknesses. First, Twemlow argues for a primarily mental model of UFO abductions without addressing the presence of physical evidence in some UFO sightings. This omission may reflect the practical limitations of the therapist’s role, which usually does not include fieldwork to collect and analyze corroborative physical evidence. Second, it may be difficult for some experiencers to understand or accept a purely psychodynamic approach. Kenneth Ring’s imaginal model, which encompasses Twemlow’s basic ideas, is suggested as a practical clinical model.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Related Experiences—UFO

Jones, F. C. (1994). Misidentified flying objects? A critique. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(4) 235-243.

Abstract: This critique reviews Stuart Twemlow’s excellent paper and presents some evidence-not proof-for the existence of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). My differences with Twemlow concern primarily his view of the psychological and social characteristics of UFO abductees and near-death experiencers (NDErs). I review the evidence for the “fantasy-prone personality,” report personal anecdotes with patients who believe they are UFO experiencers, and briefly discuss the psychoanalytic hypothesis that NDEs can be accounted for by a defense mechanism.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Counseling NDErs
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Healing and NDEs—Psychological
Related Experiences—UFO
Veridical Perception during NDEs

Lawson, A. H (1994). Response to the Twemlow paper. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(4) 245-265.

Abstract: Stuart Twemlow’s discussion would be strengthened by a familiarity with the birth memories hypothesis, a testable theory that views unidentified flying object (UFO) abduction claims as fantasies originating in perinatal experiences. This paper describes the birth memories hypothesis and provides evidence that near-death experiences, out-of-body experiences, shamans’ trances, and similar events are abduction analogs also originating in birth memories. I critique Twemlow’s remarks on abductions, “fantasy-prone” witnesses, and the positive or negative quality of abduction analogs; examine several long-standing puzzles about abductions that the birth memories hypothesis resolves; and review the omnipresence of birth-related imagery in cultural and artistic fantasy worldwide. This paper ends with a discussion of fetal experiences and their implication for the interpretation of “good” and “bad” UFO abductions, near-death experiences, and other analog fantasies.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Related Experiences—NDE-Like
Related Experiences NOS

Ring, K. (1994). Commentary on Stuart W. Twemlow's 'Misidentified flying objects?'. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(4) 267-272.

Abstract: Stuart Twemlow’s article has made an important dual contribution to our thinking about anomalous experiences: first, in offering a heuristic psychodynamic model in terms of which to view them, and second, in suggesting a definite link between near-death experiences (NDEs) and unidentified flying object (UFO) abductions. I consider his argument largely from the standpoint of my own recent research, which also brings out the similarities between precisely these same two types of encounters. My empirical findings support many of Twemlow’s observations, but important differences are noted between his more psychoanalytic perspective and my imaginal one. My comments conclude with a strong endorsement of Twemlow’s therapeutic stance toward anomalous experiences.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Related Experiences NOS

Twemlow, S. W. (1994). Misidentified flying objects? An integrated psychodynamic perspective on near-death experiences and UFO abductions. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(4) 205-223.

Abstract: This article proposes an integrated psychodynamic perspective to account in part for a variety of similarities between near-death experiences and UFO abductions. The psychodynamic psychology of these experiences implies that their “realness” is mainly a function of that psychology, rather than primarily of an objectifiable external reality. Clinical and research examples highlight the theoretical and practical usefulness of this model.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Explanations of NDEs—Philosophical
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Related Experiences—UFO

Twemlow, S. W. (1994). Response to commentaries on 'Misidentified flying objects?'. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 12(4) 273-284.

Abstract: In this response to the commentaries on my paper, “Misidentified Flying Objects?” I elaborate a middle ground position regarding the question of what is “really real.” Using reports of near-death and UFO abduction experiences, I explicate further an integrated psychodynamic view of reality. This position proposes that at heart, reality is a dialectic between physicalness and nonphysicalness and that any attempt to “resolve” that dialectic is not only logically in error, but also pragmatically valueless.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Related Experiences—NDE-Like
Related Experiences NOS
Related Experiences—UFO

Bache, C. M. (1994). A perinatal interpretation of frightening near-death experiences: A dialogue with Kenneth Ring. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 13(1) 24-45.

Abstract: While endorsing several of Kenneth Ring’s conclusions, I propose a more comprehensive interpretation of frightening near-death experiences (NDEs). I criticize Ring’s interpretation of meaningless void NDEs as emergence reactions and argue that all three forms of frightening NDEs—inverted, hellish, and meaningless void experiences—are better understood as rooted in the perinatal level of consciousness. I expand Ring’s account of resistance to ego death as the cause of these NDEs, and develop the broader implications of a perinatal reading of frightening NDEs. Finally, I introduce and explore parallels with the “dark night of the soul” experience.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Altered States and NDEs
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Circumstances of NDEs—Induced Chemically
Explanations of NDEs—Philosophical
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological NOS
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Explanations of NDEs NOS
Healing and NDEs—Psychological
Interpretations of NDEs
Mental Processes and NDEs
Psychopharmacology and NDEs—Anesthesia
Related Experiences—NDE-Like
Spirituality and NDEs
Theories, NDE-Related, Psychological—Grof

Bush, N. E. (1994). The paradox of Jonah: Response to 'Solving the riddle of frightening near-death experiences'. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 13(1) 47-54.

Abstract: Kenneth Ring has suggested that frightening near-death experiences (NDEs) can be explained as reactions to inadequate anesthesia or as phantasmagories thrown up by a resistant ego. By contrast, I contend that these same arguments have been used by skeptics to question the validity of the radiant NDE; that as they have been found inadequate there, so they do not adequately address the meaning or value of the terrifying experience; and that experiences of the depths may be equally productive and as worthy of serious study as are experiences of radiance.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Explanations of NDEs NOS
Interpretations of NDEs
Psychopharmacology and NDEs—Anesthesia
Related Experiences—NDE-Like
Spirituality and NDEs
Theories, NDE-Related, Psychological—Grof

Ring, K. (1994). Frightening near-death experiences revisited: A commentary on responses to my paper by Christopher Bache and Nancy Evans Bush. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 13(1) 55-64.

Abstract: In this commentary, I discuss the responses to my paper on frightening near-death experiences (NDEs) written by Christopher Bache and Nancy Evans Bush, and I try to show that there are many points of agreement among us all. While Bache and I saw the ontological status of frightening NDEs differently than did Bush, all of us agreed on the psychological reality and importance of these experiences. Research on frightening NDEs, long overdue, is encouraged and reasons for its urgency are briefly mentioned.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Altered States and NDEs
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Circumstances of NDEs—Induced Chemically
Explanations of NDEs—Psychological
Explanations of NDEs NOS
Interpretations of NDEs
Psychopharmacology and NDEs—Anesthesia
Spirituality and NDEs
Theories, NDE-Related, Psychological—Grof

Gibson, A. S. (1994). Near-death experience patterns from research in the Salt Lake City region. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 13(2) 115-127.

Abstract: From 1990 to 1993, approximately 100 subjects in the Salt Lake City, Utah, region were interviewed who claimed to have had a near-death experience (NDE) or analogous spiritual event. Of those, 68 case studies were reported in two books (Gibson, 1992, 1993). These cases corroborated patterns previously encountered in other researchers’ near-death studies, and divulged some new patterns not previously reported. The most unusual new pattern was reported by those who saw themselves during their NDE in a premortal environment.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Accounts of NDEs—Autobiographical
Accounts of NDEs—Biographical, Cases
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Afterlife, NDErs’ Descriptions of
Characteristics of NDErs—Age, Children and Adolescents
Characteristics of NDErs—Gender
Characteristics of NDErs—Religious Affiliations
Characteristics of NDEs—Autoscopy, Out-of-Body
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Distressing
Characteristics of NDEs—Emotions, Pleasurable
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Deceased or Living
Characteristics of NDEs—Encountering Beings, Spiritual
Characteristics of NDEs—Increased Knowledge, Thoughts
Characteristics of NDEs—Life Review
Characteristics of NDEs—Light, Mystical
Characteristics of NDEs—Otherworldly Environments
Characteristics of NDEs—Parapsychological Phenomena, ESP
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Involuntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Return, Voluntary
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Kinesthetic
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound, Hearing
Characteristics of NDEs—Sensory, Sound, Music
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Characteristics of NDEs NOS
Circumstances of NDEs—Accident
Circumstances of NDEs—Suicide
Healing and NDEs—Physical
Healing and NDEs—Psychological
Language and NDEs

Gomez-Jeria, J. S., & Saavedra-Aguilar, J. C. (1994). A neurobiological model for near-death experiences. II: The problem of recall of real events. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 13(2) 81-89.

Abstract: In this article we propose a scientific approach to explain the fact that some near-death experiencers (NDErs) are able to recollect and verbalize real events occurring in the environment during the experience. Our model assigns a central place to priming, multiple declarative memory, and verbal modules. These biological mechanisms lead to the assimilation of multiple external cues, the consolidation in memory of matched primed environmental events, and the transformation and creation of logically structured functional engrams. Finally, the after-NDE behavioral and verbal interactions between the experiencer and a community of observers are discussed, together with their results.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Altered States and NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Physiological, Neurological, Brain
Mental Processes and NDEs
Psychopharmacology and NDEs—Anesthesia
Science and NDEs

Greyson, B. (1994). Near-death experiences and satisfaction with life. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 13(2) 103-108.

Abstract: Near-death experiences (NDEs) are reported to produce positive changes in attitudes, beliefs, and values that might be expected to enhance the experiencers' satisfaction with life. Global satisfaction with life was examined among a sample of self-selected near-death experiencers, individuals who had come close to death without an NDE, and individuals who had never been close to death. NDErs' life satisfaction was not different from that of the two control groups, suggesting that problems readjusting to life after an NDE may offset any enhanced life satisfaction that may result from positive personality transformation.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Aftereffects of NDEs—Orientation to Life
Aftereffects of NDEs NOS
Methodology in NDE Research

Harris, B. (1994). Kundalini and healing in the West. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 13(2) 75-79.

Abstract: Kundalini rising, and associated profound physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual changes, are occurring with increasing frequency to uninitiated and unprepared Westerners, often as a result of near-death experiences. While these phenomena have been encompassed by Oriental medicine for centuries, they are unknown to traditional anatomically-based Western medicine. Without adequate knowledge or guidance, kundalini experiences may lead to ego inflation or “premature transcendence,” paradoxically blocking spiritual evolution. A new paradigm in health care, emerging as a complement to traditional Western medical science, incorporates a variety of body-based and psychological therapies that validate the role of the True Self in health and wholeness and work with energetic and experiential phenomena such as kundalini.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Kundalini and NDEs

Kellehear, A., Stevenson, I., Pasricha, S., & Cook, E. (1994). The absence of tunnel sensations in near-death experiences from India. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 13(2) 109-113.

Abstract: This article questions the recent report by Susan Blackmore (1993) of tunnel sensations in near-death experiences in India, and presents anthropological and methodological reasons for doubting the validity of that finding.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Characteristics of NDEs—Tunnel Experiences
Cross-Cultural NDEs
Cultural, Social Influences on NDEs
Explanations of NDEs—Sociological

Moore, L. H. (1994). An assessment of physicians' knowledge of and attitudes toward the near-death experience. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 13(2) 91-102.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate physicians’ knowledge of and attitudes toward near-death experiences (NDEs). The study population consisted of 143 staff physicians in the Baptist Memorial Hospital System. Participants completed by mail a modified version of Thornburg’s (1988) Near-Death Phenomena Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. Less than one-fourth of the physicians had a well-grounded knowledge base regarding NDEs, while two-thirds had a positive attitude toward NDEs. These data suggest the need for inservice programs for medical and nursing staff regarding near-death phenomena. Further studies assessing physicians’ knowledge of and attitudes toward NDEs are recommended utilizing a larger population from a wider geographical region.

Copyright: © 2008 International Association for Near-Death Studies

Link: http://www.iands.org

Topics:
Education about NDEs
Health Care Professionals and NDEs—Medical
Methodology in NDE Research
Non-NDErs' Attitudes toward NDEs